Browse by battery chemistry
Chemistry sets the entire recovery economics: cobalt-free LFP wins on second life, high-nickel NMC and NCA win on black mass credit.
Prismatic hard case
LFP Prismatic (LiFePO4)
Cobalt-free prismatic chemistry dominant in Indian passenger EVs and commercial fleets. Low black mass value, exceptional second-life economics.
Wh/kg
160
Cycles
4,500
$/kg BM
1.9
Models
31
Cylindrical 21700
NMC 811 Cylindrical 2170
High-nickel cylindrical cells with the strongest hydrometallurgical recovery credit per tonne of black mass.
Wh/kg
260
Cycles
2,000
$/kg BM
6.4
Models
20
Cylindrical 4680 tabless
NMC 811 Cylindrical 4680
Structural tabless format requiring specialised disassembly cells. High nickel yields offset elevated processing cost.
Wh/kg
296
Cycles
1,800
$/kg BM
6.8
Models
1
Laminated pouch
NCA Pouch
Premium nickel-cobalt pouch stacks with the highest recovery credit and the strictest safety handling class.
Wh/kg
272
Cycles
1,500
$/kg BM
7.1
Models
3
Laminated pouch
LMO / LMO-NMC Pouch
Legacy manganese-rich pouch packs common in early two- and three-wheeler fleets across South Asia.
Wh/kg
145
Cycles
1,200
$/kg BM
3.2
Models
4