Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus battery recycling in Rotterdam, South Holland
Rotterdam, South Holland does not take whole packs. It receives black mass made from Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus modules that failed grading, and turns it into battery-grade salts.
Pack value at 80% SOH
11,209 USD
Hybrid Split
Second-life share
56%
At 80% SOH
Site capacity
30,000 TPA
Hydrometallurgical Refinery
Cities served
2
From Rotterdam, South Holland
Where a Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus pack goes from Rotterdam, South Holland
- 1
Collected via Dubai, UAE
Whole packs enter the network at Dubai — Jebel Ali Logistics Yard, 5,174 km away, where they are weighed and de-energised.
- 2
Graded at Birmingham, England
Modules travel 439 km to Birmingham — West Midlands Grading Works for capacity, resistance and impedance testing across all 24 modules.
- 3
Second life at Zwickau, Saxony
At 80% SOH about 56% of the pack qualifies for reuse and goes to Zwickau — Saxony Second-Life Works (572 km). Excellent — long calendar life makes LFP the preferred feedstock for stationary BESS repurposing.
- 4
Refining at Rotterdam, South Holland
Black mass from failed modules is leached and refined here into battery-grade lithium salts.
| Stage | Facility | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Nearest intake yard | Dubai — Jebel Ali Logistics Yard | 5,174 km |
| Nearest grading bench | Birmingham — West Midlands Grading Works | 439 km |
| Nearest second-life works | Zwickau — Saxony Second-Life Works | 572 km |
Faster option
Inside the Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus battery
The Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus (2022) carries a 350 kWh LFP Prismatic (LiFePO4) pack with 24 modules at 640 V, weighing roughly 2590 kg. Cobalt-free prismatic chemistry dominant in Indian passenger EVs and commercial fleets. Low black mass value, exceptional second-life economics.
| Service year | SOH | Grade | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year 2 | 96.4% | A — BESS ready | USD 18,397 |
| Year 4 | 93.3% | A — BESS ready | USD 17,818 |
| Year 6 | 90.2% | A — BESS ready | USD 17,239 |
| Year 8 | 87.1% | A — BESS ready | USD 16,660 |
| Year 10 | 84% | B — Second life | USD 14,356 |
What the chemistry means here
How it ages
LFP fades slowly and fairly linearly for most of its life. Capacity loss is driven mainly by lithium inventory being locked up in the SEI layer on the graphite anode, while the cathode structure stays largely intact.
Thermal behaviour
LFP's olivine cathode holds its oxygen tightly, so thermal runaway typically starts at higher temperatures than nickel-rich cells and releases noticeably less heat. It is not inert: a failing LFP cell still vents flammable electrolyte vapour and hydrogen, and large prismatic cans store a lot of energy in one place.
Handling LFP Prismatic
Collecting a Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus pack
350 kWh, 24 modules, about 2590 kg — this is how the Rotterdam, South Holland team plans the job.
Removal
Roof- or floor-mounted packs are lifted by crane or gantry with the OEM lifting frame, one string at a time.
Packaging
Packs travel as individual heavy crates on flatbed or curtain-side trailers with load restraint rated for the mass.
Consolidation
Bus packs are collected per depot and per retirement window, usually a full trailer per visit.
Before the truck arrives
- Confirm crane or gantry access and lifting frame availability
- Isolate each pack string and record its voltage
- Share pack-string serials against the bus fleet number
- Plan collection around depot operating hours
Rotterdam, South Holland site notes
- Only black mass and cathode scrap are accepted.
- Cross-border shipments need prior notification where applicable.
- Bulk bags must be sealed and labelled.
- Sampling at intake determines settlement.
What this pack yields
lithium
25.96 kg
nickel
0 kg
cobalt
0 kg
manganese
0 kg
copper
78.51 kg
aluminium
93.7 kg
Refining-route estimate at 80% SOH. Measured module health on the bench sets the final split.
Rules in Netherlands
EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and the Dutch Environmental Management Act
Regulator: Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, with enforcement by ILT
The works operates under Dutch environmental permits and the EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542, including recycling efficiency and material recovery targets. Cross-border waste shipments follow the EU Waste Shipment Regulation and, where relevant, Basel Convention procedures.
Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus in Rotterdam, South Holland: common questions
Can I drop off a Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus battery at Rotterdam, South Holland?
Rotterdam, South Holland is a hydrometallurgical refinery and does not accept whole packs from customers. Book a collection and the pack enters the network at Dubai, UAE, 5,174 km away.
What happens to Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus modules after Rotterdam, South Holland?
Collected via Dubai, UAE, then Graded at Birmingham, England, then Second life at Zwickau, Saxony, then Refining at Rotterdam, South Holland. At 80% SOH roughly 56% of the pack goes to second life and the rest is refined.
How should a Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus pack be prepared for pickup?
Confirm crane or gantry access and lifting frame availability. Isolate each pack string and record its voltage. Share pack-string serials against the bus fleet number. Plan collection around depot operating hours.
Which rules apply to Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus recycling in Netherlands?
EU Battery Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 and the Dutch Environmental Management Act, overseen by Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, with enforcement by ILT. Road transport follows ADR and sea transport follows the IMDG Code, with frequent transhipment through Rotterdam.
Cities collected by Rotterdam, South Holland
Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus at other sites
Other bus packs at Rotterdam, South Holland
Retiring Switch Mobility EiV 12 City Bus packs near Rotterdam, South Holland?
Share pack counts and condition. The despatch desk confirms a collection window within one working day and sends the right packaging.