Volvo XC40 Recharge battery recycling in Haldia, West Bengal
Haldia, West Bengal does not take whole packs. It receives black mass made from Volvo XC40 Recharge modules that failed grading, and turns it into battery-grade salts.
Pack value at 80% SOH
3,656 USD
Hybrid Split
Second-life share
47%
At 80% SOH
Site capacity
15,000 TPA
Hydrometallurgical Refinery
Cities served
0
From Haldia, West Bengal
Where a Volvo XC40 Recharge pack goes from Haldia, West Bengal
- 1
Collected via Khordha, Odisha
Whole packs enter the network at Bhubaneswar — Khordha Collection Yard, 331 km away, where they are weighed and de-energised.
- 2
Graded at Pithampur, Madhya Pradesh
Modules travel 1,279 km to Indore — Pithampur Grading Plant for capacity, resistance and impedance testing across all 27 modules.
- 3
Second life at Butibori, Maharashtra
At 80% SOH about 47% of the pack qualifies for reuse and goes to Nagpur — Butibori Second-Life Works (956 km). Good — grade-A modules above 80% SOH qualify for commercial-scale BESS strings.
- 4
Refining at Haldia, West Bengal
Black mass from failed modules is leached and refined here into battery-grade nickel, cobalt and lithium salts.
| Stage | Facility | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Nearest intake yard | Bhubaneswar — Khordha Collection Yard | 331 km |
| Nearest grading bench | Indore — Pithampur Grading Plant | 1,279 km |
| Nearest second-life works | Nagpur — Butibori Second-Life Works | 956 km |
Faster option
Inside the Volvo XC40 Recharge battery
The Volvo XC40 Recharge (2021) carries a 78 kWh NMC 811 Cylindrical 2170 pack with 27 modules at 400 V, weighing roughly 437 kg. High-nickel cylindrical cells with the strongest hydrometallurgical recovery credit per tonne of black mass.
| Service year | SOH | Grade | Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Year 2 | 94.9% | A — BESS ready | USD 4,893 |
| Year 4 | 90.6% | A — BESS ready | USD 4,699 |
| Year 6 | 86.3% | A — BESS ready | USD 4,478 |
| Year 8 | 82% | B — Second life | USD 3,893 |
| Year 10 | 77.7% | B — Second life | USD 3,410 |
What the chemistry means here
How it ages
NMC 811 loses capacity through a mix of SEI growth, cathode surface reconstruction and micro-cracking of nickel-rich particles. Resistance climbs faster than in LFP, which matters as much as capacity for second-life duty.
Thermal behaviour
High-nickel NMC cathodes release oxygen as they decompose, so once runaway starts it is fast and energetic. Cylindrical 2170 cells vent through a designed rupture point, which helps, but cell-to-cell propagation inside a tightly packed module is the main hazard.
Handling NMC 811 (2170)
Collecting a Volvo XC40 Recharge pack
78 kWh, 27 modules, about 437 kg — this is how the Haldia, West Bengal team plans the job.
Removal
Packs are dropped on a vehicle lift using the OEM procedure and a rated battery table, then isolated at the service disconnect.
Packaging
One pack per UN-rated pallet box, strapped and restrained, with terminals capped and coolant ports sealed.
Consolidation
Dealer and workshop returns are consolidated into full truckloads, typically eight or more packs per run.
Before the truck arrives
- Pull the service disconnect and record pack voltage
- Drain or cap coolant lines before lifting
- Photograph the pack casing and any impact damage
- Keep the VIN and pack serial together on the manifest
Haldia, West Bengal site notes
- Whole packs are not accepted; send them to a collection or grading site first.
- Black mass must arrive in sealed, labelled bulk bags with declared chemistry.
- Port-linked deliveries need documents lodged before arrival.
- Settlement is based on sampling and assay carried out at intake.
What this pack yields
lithium
4.44 kg
nickel
28.66 kg
cobalt
3.55 kg
manganese
3.3 kg
copper
14.2 kg
aluminium
11.92 kg
Refining-route estimate at 80% SOH. Measured module health on the bench sets the final split.
Rules in India
Battery Waste Management Rules 2022 (BWMR)
Regulator: Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards
The works operates under West Bengal Pollution Control Board consent, with conditions on effluent treatment, air emissions and hazardous chemical storage. As a registered recycler it generates recovery evidence under the Battery Waste Management Rules 2022, and port shipments follow customs and applicable waste-shipment controls.
Volvo XC40 Recharge in Haldia, West Bengal: common questions
Can I drop off a Volvo XC40 Recharge battery at Haldia, West Bengal?
Haldia, West Bengal is a hydrometallurgical refinery and does not accept whole packs from customers. Book a collection and the pack enters the network at Khordha, Odisha, 331 km away.
What happens to Volvo XC40 Recharge modules after Haldia, West Bengal?
Collected via Khordha, Odisha, then Graded at Pithampur, Madhya Pradesh, then Second life at Butibori, Maharashtra, then Refining at Haldia, West Bengal. At 80% SOH roughly 47% of the pack goes to second life and the rest is refined.
How should a Volvo XC40 Recharge pack be prepared for pickup?
Pull the service disconnect and record pack voltage. Drain or cap coolant lines before lifting. Photograph the pack casing and any impact damage. Keep the VIN and pack serial together on the manifest.
Which rules apply to Volvo XC40 Recharge recycling in India?
Battery Waste Management Rules 2022 (BWMR), overseen by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards. Retired packs move as hazardous goods by road under central motor vehicle rules, and export needs Basel-compliant permissions.
Volvo XC40 Recharge at other sites
Other passenger packs at Haldia, West Bengal
Retiring Volvo XC40 Recharge packs near Haldia, West Bengal?
Share pack counts and condition. The despatch desk confirms a collection window within one working day and sends the right packaging.